9982: ABC318 —— Ex - Count Strong Test Cases
[Creator : ]
Description
Snuke has come up with the following problem.
> You are given permutations $P=(P_1,P_2,\ldots,P_N)$ and $Q=(Q_1,Q_2,\ldots,Q_N)$ of $(1,2,\ldots,N)$. Let us build a graph with $N$ vertices and $N$ edges as follows.
>
> - For $i=1,2,\ldots,N$ in this order, draw an edge of weight $Q_i$ connecting vertices $i$ and $P_i$ bidirectionally.
>
> When removing some number of edges to eliminate cycles from the graph, find the minimum possible total weight of the removed edges.
Alice and Bob came up with the following solutions.
Alice: Initialize the answer to $0$. For $i=1,2,\ldots,N$ in this order, if the edge connecting vertices $i$ and $P_i$ is contained in a cycle, remove that edge and add its weight to the answer.
Bob: Initialize the answer to $0$. For $i=N,N-1,\ldots,1$ in this order, if the edge connecting vertices $i$ and $P_i$ is contained in a cycle, remove that edge and add its weight to the answer.
Snuke has realized that their solutions are both incorrect, and he wants to know the number of inputs for which neither of their solutions gives the correct answer.
Among the $(N!)^2$ possible inputs, find the number, modulo $998244353$, of inputs for which neither Alice's nor Bob's solution gives the correct answer.
> You are given permutations $P=(P_1,P_2,\ldots,P_N)$ and $Q=(Q_1,Q_2,\ldots,Q_N)$ of $(1,2,\ldots,N)$. Let us build a graph with $N$ vertices and $N$ edges as follows.
>
> - For $i=1,2,\ldots,N$ in this order, draw an edge of weight $Q_i$ connecting vertices $i$ and $P_i$ bidirectionally.
>
> When removing some number of edges to eliminate cycles from the graph, find the minimum possible total weight of the removed edges.
Alice and Bob came up with the following solutions.
Alice: Initialize the answer to $0$. For $i=1,2,\ldots,N$ in this order, if the edge connecting vertices $i$ and $P_i$ is contained in a cycle, remove that edge and add its weight to the answer.
Bob: Initialize the answer to $0$. For $i=N,N-1,\ldots,1$ in this order, if the edge connecting vertices $i$ and $P_i$ is contained in a cycle, remove that edge and add its weight to the answer.
Snuke has realized that their solutions are both incorrect, and he wants to know the number of inputs for which neither of their solutions gives the correct answer.
Among the $(N!)^2$ possible inputs, find the number, modulo $998244353$, of inputs for which neither Alice's nor Bob's solution gives the correct answer.
Input
The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
```
$N$
```
```
$N$
```
Output
Print the answer as an integer.
Constraints
- $1\leq N\leq 2\times 10^5$
- All input values are integers.
- All input values are integers.
Sample 1 Input
3
Sample 1 Output
4
The following four inputs satisfy the condition.
- P=(2,3,1),Q=(2,1,3)
- P=(2,3,1),Q=(3,1,2)
- P=(3,1,2),Q=(2,1,3)
- P=(3,1,2),Q=(3,1,2)
Sample 2 Input
2
Sample 2 Output
0
There may be no inputs that satisfy the condition.
Sample 3 Input
6
Sample 3 Output
314708
318
321484323