9795: ABC263 —— E - Sugoroku 3
[Creator : ]
Description
There are $N$ squares called Square $1$ though Square $N$. You start on Square $1$.
Each of the squares from Square $1$ through Square $N-1$ has a die on it. The die on Square $i$ is labeled with the integers from $0$ through $A_i$, each occurring with equal probability. (Die rolls are independent of each other.)
Until you reach Square $N$, you will repeat rolling a die on the square you are on. Here, if the die on Square $x$ rolls the integer $y$, you go to Square $x+y$.
Each of the squares from Square $1$ through Square $N-1$ has a die on it. The die on Square $i$ is labeled with the integers from $0$ through $A_i$, each occurring with equal probability. (Die rolls are independent of each other.)
Until you reach Square $N$, you will repeat rolling a die on the square you are on. Here, if the die on Square $x$ rolls the integer $y$, you go to Square $x+y$.
Find the expected value, modulo $998244353$, of the number of times you roll a die.
Notes
It can be proved that the sought expected value is always a rational number. Additionally, if that value is represented $\frac{P}{Q}$ using two coprime integers $P$ and $Q$, there is a unique integer $R$ such that $R \times Q \equiv P\pmod{998244353}$ and $0 \leq R \lt 998244353$. Find this $R$.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
```
$N$
$A_1$ $A_2$ $\dots$ $A_{N-1}$
```
```
$N$
$A_1$ $A_2$ $\dots$ $A_{N-1}$
```
Output
Print the answer.
Constraints
- $2 \le N \le 2 \times 10^5$
- $1 \le A_i \le N-i(1 \le i \le N-1)$
- All values in input are integers.
- $1 \le A_i \le N-i(1 \le i \le N-1)$
- All values in input are integers.
Sample 1 Input
3
1 1
Sample 1 Output
4
The sought expected value is 4, so 4 should be printed.
Here is one possible scenario until reaching Square N:
- Roll 1 on Square 1, and go to Square 2.
- Roll 0 on Square 2, and stay there.
- Roll 1 on Square 2, and go to Square 3.
This scenario occurs with probability $\frac{1}{8}$.
Sample 2 Input
5
3 1 2 1
Sample 2 Output
332748122