4107: CF107 - C. Arrangement
[Creator : ]
Description
In the year 2500 the annual graduation ceremony in the German University in Cairo (GUC) has run smoothly for almost 500 years so far.
The most important part of the ceremony is related to the arrangement of the professors in the ceremonial hall.
Traditionally GUC has n professors. Each professor has his seniority level. All seniorities are different. Let's enumerate the professors from $1$ to $n$, with $1$ being the most senior professor and $n$ being the most junior professor.
The ceremonial hall has $n$ seats, one seat for each professor. Some places in this hall are meant for more senior professors than the others. More specifically, $m$ pairs of seats are in "senior-junior" relation, and the tradition requires that for all $m$ pairs of seats $(a_i,b_i)$ the professor seated in "senior" position $a_i$ should be more senior than the professor seated in "junior" position $b_i$.
GUC is very strict about its traditions, which have been carefully observed starting from year 2001. The tradition requires that:
Given $n$, the number of professors, $y$, the current year and m pairs of restrictions, output the arrangement of the professors for this year.
The most important part of the ceremony is related to the arrangement of the professors in the ceremonial hall.
Traditionally GUC has n professors. Each professor has his seniority level. All seniorities are different. Let's enumerate the professors from $1$ to $n$, with $1$ being the most senior professor and $n$ being the most junior professor.
The ceremonial hall has $n$ seats, one seat for each professor. Some places in this hall are meant for more senior professors than the others. More specifically, $m$ pairs of seats are in "senior-junior" relation, and the tradition requires that for all $m$ pairs of seats $(a_i,b_i)$ the professor seated in "senior" position $a_i$ should be more senior than the professor seated in "junior" position $b_i$.
GUC is very strict about its traditions, which have been carefully observed starting from year 2001. The tradition requires that:
- The seating of the professors changes every year.
- Year 2001 ceremony was using lexicographically first arrangement of professors in the ceremonial hall.
- Each consecutive year lexicographically next arrangement of the professors is used.
Given $n$, the number of professors, $y$, the current year and m pairs of restrictions, output the arrangement of the professors for this year.
Input
The first line contains three integers $n, y, m\ (1 ≤n≤ 16, 2001 ≤y≤ 10^{18}, 0 ≤m≤ 100)$ — the number of professors, the year for which the arrangement should be computed, and the number of pairs of seats for which the seniority relation should be kept, respectively.
The next $m$ lines contain one pair of integers each, "$a_i\ b_i$", indicating that professor on the $a_i$-th seat is more senior than professor on the $b_i$-th seat $(1 ≤a_i,b_i≤n,\ a_i≠b_i)$. Some pair may be listed more than once.
The next $m$ lines contain one pair of integers each, "$a_i\ b_i$", indicating that professor on the $a_i$-th seat is more senior than professor on the $b_i$-th seat $(1 ≤a_i,b_i≤n,\ a_i≠b_i)$. Some pair may be listed more than once.
Output
Print the order in which the professors should be seated in the requested year.
If by this year the GUC would have ran out of arrangements, or the given "senior-junior" relation are contradictory, print "The times have changed" (without quotes).
If by this year the GUC would have ran out of arrangements, or the given "senior-junior" relation are contradictory, print "The times have changed" (without quotes).
Sample 1 Input
3 2001 2
1 2
2 3
Sample 1 Output
1 2 3
the lexicographically first order of seating is 1 2 3.
Sample 2 Input
7 2020 6
1 2
1 3
2 4
2 5
3 6
3 7
Sample 2 Output
1 2 3 7 4 6 5
Sample 3 Input
10 3630801 0
Sample 3 Output
The times have changed
the GUC will run out of arrangements after the year 3630800.
3 2001 3
1 2
2 3
3 1
The times have changed
there are no valid arrangements for the seating.