Problem11268--[yosupo] Graph - Counting Spanning Trees (Directed)

11268: [yosupo] Graph - Counting Spanning Trees (Directed)

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Time Limit : 1.000 sec  Memory Limit : 512 MiB

Description

You are given a directed graph, consisting of $N$ vertices and $M$ edges. The $i$-th edge is directed from vertex $u_i$ to vertex $v_i$. This graph may not be simple.
You are also given a vertex $r$. 

Find the number of directed spanning trees whose root is the vertex $r$ (it means that all the vertices have to be reachable from $r$), modulo $998244353$. 

Input

$N$ $M$ $r$
$u_0$ $v_0$
$u_1$ $v_1$
$u_2$ $v_2$
$\vdots$
$u_{M-1}$ $v_{M-1}$

Constraints

- $1 \leq N \leq 500$
- $0 \leq M \leq 5\times 10^5$
- $0 \leq r \lt N$
- $0 \leq u_i \lt N$
- $0 \leq v_i \lt N$

Sample 1 Input

3 5 2
0 1
0 1
1 2
2 1
2 0

Sample 1 Output

3

Sample 2 Input

1 2 0
0 0
0 0

Sample 2 Output

1

Sample 3 Input

4 4 3
0 1
1 0
2 3
3 2

Sample 3 Output

0

4 8 2
0 1
0 3
2 1
3 1
3 0
3 0
2 3
1 3

8

HINT

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