10820: ABC149 - F - Surrounded Nodes
Description
Now, each vertex is painted black with probability $1/2$ and white with probability $1/2$, which is chosen independently from other vertices. Then, let $S$ be the smallest subtree (connected subgraph) of $T$ containing all the vertices painted black. (If no vertex is painted black, $S$ is the empty graph.)
Let the _holeyness_ of $S$ be the number of white vertices contained in $S$. Find the expected holeyness of $S$.
Since the answer is a rational number, we ask you to print it $\bmod 10^9+7$, as described in Notes.
Notes
When you print a rational number, first write it as a fraction $\frac{y}{x}$, where $x, y$ are integers, and $x$ is not divisible by $10^9 + 7$ (under the constraints of the problem, such representation is always possible).
Then, you need to print the only integer $z$ between $0$ and $10^9 + 6$, inclusive, that satisfies $xz \equiv y \pmod{10^9 + 7}$.
Input
```
$N$
$A_1$ $B_1$
$:$
$A_{N-1}$ $B_{N-1}$
```
Output
Constraints
- $1 \leq A_i,B_i \leq N$
- The given graph is a tree.
Sample 1 Input
3
1 2
2 3
Sample 1 Output
125000001
If the vertices $1, 2, 3$ are painted black, white, black, respectively, the holeyness of $S$ is $1$.
Otherwise, the holeyness is $0$, so the expected holeyness is $1/8$.
Since $8 \times 125000001 \equiv 1 \pmod{10^9+7}$, we should print $125000001$.
Sample 2 Input
4
1 2
2 3
3 4
Sample 2 Output
375000003
The expected holeyness is $3/8$.
Since $8 \times 375000003 \equiv 3 \pmod{10^9+7}$, we should print $375000003$.
Sample 3 Input
4
1 2
1 3
1 4
Sample 3 Output
250000002
The expected holeyness is $1/4$.
7
4 7
3 1
2 6
5 2
7 1
2 7
570312505