10685: ABC126 —— C - Dice and Coin
[Creator : ]
Description
Snuke has a fair $N$-sided die that shows the integers from $1$ to $N$ with equal probability and a fair coin. He will play the following game with them:
1. Throw the die. The current score is the result of the die.
2. As long as the score is between $1$ and $K-1$ (inclusive), keep flipping the coin. The score is doubled each time the coin lands heads up, and the score becomes $0$ if the coin lands tails up.
3. The game ends when the score becomes $0$ or becomes $K$ or above. Snuke wins if the score is $K$ or above, and loses if the score is $0$.
You are given $N$ and $K$. Find the probability that Snuke wins the game.
1. Throw the die. The current score is the result of the die.
2. As long as the score is between $1$ and $K-1$ (inclusive), keep flipping the coin. The score is doubled each time the coin lands heads up, and the score becomes $0$ if the coin lands tails up.
3. The game ends when the score becomes $0$ or becomes $K$ or above. Snuke wins if the score is $K$ or above, and loses if the score is $0$.
You are given $N$ and $K$. Find the probability that Snuke wins the game.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
```
$N$ $K$
```
```
$N$ $K$
```
Output
Print the probability that Snuke wins the game. The output is considered correct when the absolute or relative error is at most $10^{-9}$.
Constraints
- $1 ≤ N ≤ 10^5$
- $1 ≤ K ≤ 10^5$
- All values in input are integers.
- $1 ≤ K ≤ 10^5$
- All values in input are integers.
Sample 1 Input
3 10
Sample 1 Output
0.145833333333
- If the die shows $1$, Snuke needs to get four consecutive heads from four coin flips to obtain a score of $10$ or above. The probability of this happening is $\frac{1}{3} \times (\frac{1}{2})^4 = \frac{1}{48}$.
- If the die shows $2$, Snuke needs to get three consecutive heads from three coin flips to obtain a score of $10$ or above. The probability of this happening is $\frac{1}{3} \times (\frac{1}{2})^3 = \frac{1}{24}$.
- If the die shows $3$, Snuke needs to get two consecutive heads from two coin flips to obtain a score of $10$ or above. The probability of this happening is $\frac{1}{3} \times (\frac{1}{2})^2 = \frac{1}{12}$.
Thus, the probability that Snuke wins is $\frac{1}{48} + \frac{1}{24} + \frac{1}{12} = \frac{7}{48} \simeq 0.1458333333$.
Sample 2 Input
100000 5
Sample 2 Output
0.999973749998